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Part One Rhythm 1

Unit 1 Word stress 13

Ⅰ. Kinds of Stress（重音的种类） 13

Ⅱ. Stress Placement（重音位置） 14

Ⅲ. Stress Influence on Meaning of Words 18

Unit 2 Sentence Stress 23

Ⅰ. Sense Stress 23

Ⅱ. Logical Stress 28

Ⅲ. Emotional Stress 29

Ⅰ. Rhythm（节奏） 33

Ⅱ. Rhythm Group（节奏）and Its Division 33

Unit 3 Rhythm and Its features 33

Ⅲ. Features of English Rhythm（英语节奏的特点） 34

Unit 4 Rhythm Patterns 43

Unit 5 Sense-groups and Pausing 55

Ⅰ. Sense-groups and Their Divisions 55

Ⅱ. Pausing 57

Part two Intonation 65

Unit 6 A Brief Introduction 65

Ⅰ. Definition 65

Ⅱ. Function 65

Ⅲ. Illustrating Intonation 66

Unit 7 Basic Tones and Their Training 71

Ⅰ. Basic Tones（基本声调） 71

Ⅱ. Basic Training of Tones 73

Unit 8 Tone-groups 79

Ⅰ. Tone-groups（声调组） 79

Ⅱ. Tone-group Division 80

Ⅲ. Structure of the Tone-group（or Tune） 80

Prehead 81

Head 82

Body 83

Nucleus 83

Tail 84

Ⅳ. Features of an English Tune 85

Unit 9 function Of Tunes and Their Uses 91

Ⅰ.Falling Tune 91

Ⅱ.Rising Tune 94

Ⅲ.Falling-rising Tune 97

Unit 10 Combined Tunes 103

Ⅰ.Fall＋Fall 103

Ⅱ.Fall＋Rise 104

Ⅲ.Rise＋Fall 105

Ⅳ.Fall＋Rise 106

Ⅴ.Fall-Fall-rise 107

Ⅵ.Fall-rise＋Fall 108

Ⅶ.fall-rise＋Rise 108

Unit 11 Reading of Long Sentences 113

Ⅰ.Tune Broken Upwards ( Broken Tune or Accidental Rise ) 113

Ⅱ.Intonation of Vocatives 114

Ⅲ.Intonation of Parenthesis 115

Ⅳ.Intonation of Reporting Phrases 116

Unit 12 Organs of Speech 123

Unit 13 The Classification of Phonemes 127

Ⅰ.Phonemes（音位）and Allophones（音位变体） 127

Ⅱ.Classification of English Phonemes 128

Unit 14 The English Vowels-Pure Vowels 135

Ⅰ.Front Vowels /i:/ and /I/ 135

Ⅱ.front Vowels /e/ and /ae/ 139

Ⅲ.Central Vowels /э:/ , / e / and /∧ / 144

Ⅳ.Back Vowel / α: / 151

Ⅴ.Back Vowels /α:/ 154

Ⅵ.Back Vowels /υ/ and /u: / 158

Ⅰ.Closing Diphthongs /eI / , / aI / , and / cI / 165

Unit 15 The English Vowels-Diphthongs 165

Ⅱ.Closing Diphthongs /eu / 171

Ⅲ.Centring Diphthongs / ie /,/ e / and / ue / 175

Unit 16 consonants 183

Ⅰ.Plosives / p / , / b / ; / t / , / d / ; / k / , / g / 183

Ⅱ.Fricatives / f / , /v / ; / ? / , / З / 187

Ⅲ.fricatives / s / , / z / ; /θ/ , / ò / 190

Ⅳ.Fricatives/ h / ; frictionless continuant / r / and the lateral /1/ 193

Unit 17 consonants ( continued ) 197

Ⅴ.Nasals / m / , / n / , and / η/ 197

Ⅵ.Affricates / tj / and / dЗ/ 200

Ⅶ.Semi-vowels / w / and / j / 202

Ⅰ.The Syllable Theories and Definition 207

Unit 18 Phonemes in combination 207

Ⅱ. Syllable Construction 208

Ⅲ.Open Syllables 210

Ⅳ.Closed Syllables 210

Unit 19 Consonant Clusters and Incomplete Plosion 217

Ⅰ.Consonant Clusters 217

Ⅱ.Incomplete plosion 218

Unit 20 Sound Changes in Connected Speech 221

Ⅰ.Liaison 221

Ⅱ.Strong Forms and Weak Forms 223

Ⅲ.Elision 230

Ⅳ.Assimilation 232

Ⅴ.Length of a sound 237

Additional Remarks: reading as an Exercise in Enunciation and delivery 243

1.some Basic Points 243

Breathing and resonance in the Mouth and Nose Cavities (呼吸与共鸣) 244

Sense-groups and Pausing 245

Pace ( or Tempo ), Intensity and Pitch（速度，音强或音重和音高） 245

Tone and Expression (语气和表情) 245

A Thorough Understanding of the Reading Material 246

2.Models for Appreciation and Imitation 247

AppendixⅠ.Rules of Reading 261

AppendixⅡ.British English and American English in Comparison 272

AppendixⅢ.Glossary 274

Main References 279

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