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CHAPTER 1 BASIC CONCEPT 1

1.1 Storage 1

1.1.1 Hard Disks 1

1.1.2 Floppy Disks 1

1.1.3 How Hard and Floppy Disks Work 1

1.1.4 Compact Disks 2

1.1.5 Uses of Floppy Disks 2

1.1.6 Uses of Compact Disks 2

1.2 Outer Hardware 3

1.2.1 The Basics 3

1.2.2 Input Devices 3

1.2.3 Output Devices 4

Notes 4

Keywords 5

Exercise 5

Related Topics 6

Additional Reading Flash Memory 8

CHAPTER 2 HOW HARD DISKS WORK 12

2.1 Hard Disk Basics 12

2.2 Cassette Tape vs.Hard Disk 12

2.3 Capacity and Performance 13

2.4 Inside:Electronics Board 13

2.5 Inside:Beneath the Board 14

2.6 Inside:Platters and Heads 14

2.7 Storing the Data 14

Notes 15

Keywords 15

Exercise 16

Related Topics 16

Additional Reading How Tape Recorders Work 20

3.1 The Basics 24

3.2 Display Technology Background 24

CHAPTER 3 HOW COMPUTER MONITORS WORK 24

3.3 Display Technology:VGA 25

3.4 Display Technology:DVI 25

3.5 Viewable Area 26

3.6 Maximum Resolution and Dot Pitch 26

3.7 Refresh Rate 26

3.8 Color Depth 27

3.9 Power Consumption 27

3.10 Monitor Trends:Flat Panels 28

Notes 28

Keywords 29

Exercise 30

Related Topics 30

Additional Reading Liquid crystal display 34

CHAPTER 4 COMPUTER MICE 38

4.1 Evolution 38

4.2 The Optical Mouse 39

Notes 40

Keywords 41

Exercise 41

Related Topics 42

Additional Reading Floppy Disk Drives 44

CHAPTER 5 HOW BITS AND BYTES WORK 47

5.1 Decimal Numbers 47

5.2 Bits 47

5.3 Bytes 48

5.4 Bytes:ASCII 49

5.5 Standard ASCII Character Set 50

5.6 Lots of Bytes 51

5.7 Binary Math 51

5.8 Quick Recap 52

Notes 52

Keywords 52

Related Topics 53

Exercise 53

Additional Reading How Boolean Logic Works 55

CHAPTER 6 MICROPROCESSORS 63

6.1 Microprocessor History 63

6.2 Microprocessor Progression 63

6.3 Inside a Microprocessor 64

6.4 Microprocessor Instructions 66

6.5 Decoding Microprocessor Instructions 69

6.6 Microprocessor Performance 69

6.7 Microprocessor Trends 70

6.8 64-bit Processors 70

Notes 71

Keywords 71

Exercise 72

Related Topics 72

Additional Reading E-Commerce 74

CHAPTER 7 APPLICATION SOFTWARE 82

7.1 What is Software 82

7.2 Programming Languages 82

7.2.1 Assemblers 82

7.2.2 Compilers and interpreters 83

7.2.3 Nonprocedural Languages 83

7.3 Libraries 84

7.4 The Program Development Process 84

7.4.1 Problem Definition 84

7.4.2 Planning 85

7.4.3 Writing the Program 85

7.4.4 Debug and Documentation 85

7.4.5 Maintenance 85

7.5 Writing your Own Programs 86

Notes 86

Exercise 87

Related Topics 87

Keywords 87

Additional Reading Computer software 89

CHAPTER 8 COMPILER 92

8.1 Introduction to Compiler 92

8.2 Introduction and history 92

8.3 Types of compilers 93

8.4 Compiled vs interpreted languages 93

8.5 Compiler design 94

8.6 Compiler front end 94

8.7 Compiler back end 95

8.8 Notes 95

8.9 References 95

Notes 96

Keywords 96

Exercise 96

Related Topics 97

Additional Reading Assembly language 99

9.1 A Little Terminology 104

CHAPTER 9 HOW JAVA WORKS 104

9.2 Downloading the Java Compiler 105

9.3 Your First Program 106

9.4 Understanding What Just Happened 108

Notes 110

Exercise 111

Related Topics 111

Keywords 111

Additional Reading How Perl Works 112

CHAPTER 10 POSITIONING VISUAL C++ IN THE DESKTOP DATABASE MARKET 118

Notes 120

Keywords 121

Exercise 121

Related Topics 122

Additional Reading C++ 124

11.2.1 Strong artificial intelligence 130

11.2 Strong AI and weak AI 130

CHAPTER 11 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 130

11.1 Overview 130

11.2.2 Weak artificial intelligence 131

11.2.3 Philosophical criticism and support of strong AI 131

11.3 History Development of AI theory 132

Notes 134

Keywords 135

Exercise 135

Related Topics 136

Additional Reading Alan Turing 138

CHAPTER 12 NEURAL NETWORK 143

12.1 Structure 143

12.1.1 Models 143

12.3.1 Usefulness 144

12.3 Applications 144

12.2 Advantages 144

12.1.2 Calculations 144

12.3.2 Real life applications 145

12.4 Types of neural networks 145

12.4.1 Single-layer perceptron 145

12.4.2 Multi-layer perceptron 146

12.4.3 Recurrent network 147

12.4.4 Hopfield network 147

12.4.5 Boltzmann machine 147

12.4.6 Committee of machines 148

12.4.7 Instantaneously trained networks 148

12.4.8 Spiking neural networks 148

12.5 Relation to optimization techniques 148

Notes 149

Related Topics 149

Keywords 152

Additional Reading Genetic Algorithm 153

Exercise 153

CHAPTER 13 HOW DSL WORK 160

13.1 Telephone Lines 160

13.2 Asymmetrical DSL 161

13.3 Distance Limitations 161

13.4 Splitting the Signal:CAP 162

13.5 Splitting the Signal:DMT 162

13.6 DSL Equipment 162

13.7 DSL Equipment:Transceiver 163

13.8 DSL Equipment:DSLAM 163

Notes 163

Keywords 164

Exercise 164

Related Topics 165

Additional Reading How Telephones Work 167

14.1 A Network Example 171

CHAPTER 14 INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE 171

14.2 Bridging The Divide 172

14.3 Backbones 172

14.4 Internet Protocol:IP Addresses Domain Name System 172

14.5 Uniform Resource Locators 173

14.6 Clients,Servers and Ports 174

Notes 175

Keywords 175

Related Topics 176

Exercise 176

Additional Reading Modem 178

DNS 179

Uniform Resource Locator 179

Client-server 180

CHAPTER 15 HOW INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES WORK 181

15.1 Looking at the Web 181

15.1.1 An Itsy-Bitsy Beginning 182

15.2 Building the Index 183

15.1.2 Meta Tags 183

15.3 Building a Search 184

15.4 Future Search 185

Notes 185

Keywords 186

Exercise 187

Related Topics 187

Additional Reading Internet Explorer 190

CHAPTER 16 ENCRYPTION 195

16.1 In the Key of 195

16.1.1 Symmetric Key 195

16.1.2 Public Key 196

16.2 Hash This 197

16.3 Are You Authentic 197

Keywords 199

Exercise 199

Notes 199

Related Topics 200

Additional Reading Identity Theft 202

CHAPTER 17 TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT THE DCE 211

17.1 Common threads 211

17.2 Remote calls 212

17.3 Directory services 212

17.5 Distributed File System 213

17.4 Distributed Security Service 213

17.6 Distributed time service 214

17.7 Extending and using the DCE 214

Notes 214

Keywords 215

Exercise 215

Related Topics 215

Additional Reading How to Kerberize your site 217

18.2 The MP3 Format 227

CHAPTER 18 HOW MP3 FILES WORK 227

18.1 introduction to MP3 files 227

18.3 Using the MP3 Format 228

18.4 Downloading and Listening 229

18.5 Creating Your Own 230

18.6 Distributing Original Music 231

Notes 231

Keywords 231

Exercise 232

Related Topics 232

Additional Reading Sound Cards 233

USB Ports 236

CHAPTER 19 SHOCKWAVE 3-D TECHNOLOGY 241

19.1 Uses of Shockwave Technology 242

19.2 Making 3-D Content Accessible 243

Notes 245

19.3 Developing New 3-D Content 245

Keywords 246

Exercise 246

Related Topics 247

Additional Reading Computer Viruses 252

CHAPTER 20 HOW PLAYSTATION 2 WORKS 259

20.1 History 259

20.2 Console 260

20.3 Controller 262

20.4 Games 264

Notes 265

Keywords 265

Exercise 266

Related Topics 266

Additional Reading How Video Game Systems Work 268

参考译文 278

参考文献 347

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