现化感染疾病诊断与治疗 英文版PDF格式文档图书下载

1.Introduction[Merie A. Sande],MD 1

I.BASIC PRINCIPLES 3

2.Basic Principles of Host Defense[Donald L. Granger],MD 3

Innate Host Defenses 4

Defense Mechanisms at the Physiologic Level 4

Innate Defense Mechanisms at the Cellular Level 5

Defense Mechanisms at the Level of Protein Molecules 10

Humoral Immunity 11

Adaptive Immune Responses 11

Cell-Mediated Immunity 15

Authors 15

Preface 20

3.Basic Principles of Microbial Virulence[David A. Relman],MD 20

Microorganisms as Pathogens 20

Regulation of Virulence 22

Adherence Colonization 22

Toxins 24

Entry Into Life within Host Cells 24

Manipulation or Avoidance of the Host Immune Response 25

Transmission Life Outside the Mammalian Host 26

Etiologic Agent Susceptibility Testing 28

4.General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy[Walter R. Wilson],MD 28

Dosage Route of Administration 29

Underlying Host Factors 30

Monitoring the Response to Antimicrobial Therapy 32

5.Infection Prevention in Healthcare Settings[Cathryn Louise Murphy],RN,PhD,CIC,[Susan A. Resnik,] RN,Dip IC,CIC(Syd), [Julie Louise Gerberding],MD,MPH 33

Role of the Infection Control Practitioner 33

The Infection Control Committee 34

Infection Control Policies Procedures 34

Role of the Healthcare Epidemiologist 34

Infection Monitoring Prevention 35

Patient Isolaion 35

Preventing Antimicrobial-Agent-Resistant Infections 36

Hand Hygiene 36

Asepsis 38

Occupational Health Issues 39

Infectious Conditions of Concern 39

Blood-Borne Pathogens 39

Vaccine-Preventable Diseases 40

Tuberculosis 40

New Emerging Agents 41

6.Laboratory Diagnosis[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD,[Franklin R. Cockerill,III],MD, [Nancy K. Henry],PhD,MD 43

Diagnosis of Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic Infections 43

Rapid, Direct Test Methods Culture-Based Methods 51

Serologic Test Methods 55

Molecular Test Methods 55

Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Fungal Isolates to Antimicrobial Agents 55

Cytology 57

Diagnosis of Viral Infections 57

Culture-Based Methods 57

Serologic Test Methods 61

Detection of Viral Antigens 61

Molecular Test Methods 63

II. CLINICAL SYNDROMES 65

7. Infections of the Central Nervous System[Zell A. McGee],MD 65

Acute Bacterial Meningitis 65

Aseptic Meningitis Syndrome 73

Infectious Disorders With Dementia as a Dominant Feature 76

Infections Presenting as Spinal Cord Syndromes 77

Infections Presenting as Stroke Syndromes 77

Infectious Disorders with Focal Disturbances as a Dominant Feature 78

Infectious Disorders Involving Cranial Nerves 82

Infectious Disorders with Dysphagia Dysarthria as Dominant Features 82

Chalazion 85

Blepharitis 85

Preseptal Cellulitis 85

Hordeolum 85

Eyelid Infection 85

8.Infections of the Eye Orbit[Marlene L. Durand],MD 85

The Tear Film 86

Lacrimal System Infections 86

Dacryocystitis 87

Canaliculitis 87

Dacryoadenitis 87

Orbital Infections 87

Conjunctivitis 89

Subperiosteal Abscess 89

Cavemous Sinus Thrombosis 89

Orbital Abscess 89

Orbital Cellulitis 89

Hyperacute Conjunctivitis 90

Acute Conjunctivitis 90

Chronic Conjunctivitis 91

Keratitis (Comeal Ulcer) 92

Bacterial Keratitis 92

Fungal Keratitis 93

Parasitic Keratitis 93

Viral Keratitis 93

Interstitial Keratitis 93

Endophthalmitis 94

Postcataract Endophthalmitis 94

Bleb-Related Endophthalmitis 94

Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis 94

Endogenous Endophthalmitis 94

Cytomegalovirus 96

Tuberculosis 96

Syphilis 96

Candida Species 96

Toxoplasma 96

Posterior Uveitis 96

Anterior Uveitis 96

Uveitis Retinitis 96

9.Upper Respiratory Tract Infections［Abinash Virk］,MD ［Nancy K.Henry］，PhD，MD 98

The Common Cold 98

Pharyngitis 100

Acute Laryngitis 103

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) 104

Acute Epiglottitis 106

Otitis Media 108

Otitis Externa 112

Acute Chronic Sinusitis 113

10.Tracheobronchitis Lower Respiratory Tract Infections [Abinash Virk], MD [Walter R. Wilson], MD 118

Acute Bronchitis 118

Chronic Bronchitis Acute Exacerbations 121

Bronchiolitis 125

Pneumonia 128

Parapneumonic Effusion Pleural Empyema 144

Lung Abscess 148

11.Infective Endocarditis [James M. Steckelberg], MD [Walter R. Wilson], MD 155

12.Intra-Abdominal Infections[Jeffery S. Loutit], MB, ChB 164

Abdominal Pain 164

Clinical Syndromes 165

Peritonitis 165

Intraperitoneal Abscess 171

Caecitis(Typhlitis) 175

Acute Cholecystitis 175

Appendicitis 175

Cholangitis 176

13.Skin Soft-Tissue Infections[Mark P. Wilhelm],MD,FACP [Randall S. Edson],MD,FACP 177

The Pyodermas 177

Impetigo 177

Erysipelas 179

Ecthyma 179

Cellulitis 181

Cutaneous Abscesses 182

Furuncles Carbuncles 182

Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infections 183

Folliculitis 183

Clostridial Myonecrosis(Gas Gangrene) 184

Necrotizing Fasciitis 185

Progressive Bacterial Synergistic Gangrene 186

Anaerobic Cellulitis 186

Infections Associated with Human or Animal Bites 187

Diabetic Foot Infections 187

14.Osteomyelitis, Infectious Arthritis Prosthetic-Joint Infection[Douglas R. Osmon],MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 191

Osteomyelitis 191

Infectious Arthritis 197

Prosthetic-Joint Infection 199

15.Sexually Transmitted Diseases[John W. Wilson],MD [Nancy K. Henry], MD, PhD 203

Urethritis 203

Cervicitis 207

Vulvovaginitis 208

Genital Ulcer Disease 212

Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases 215

Skin Mucous Membrane Diseases 215

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 215

Epididymitis 215

Proctitis 215

Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections 220

16.Urinary Tract Infections[Walter R. Wilson],MD [Nancy K. Henry], PhD, MD 220

Nosocomially Acquired Urinary Tract Infections 227

17.Sepsis Syndrome[Andrew D. Badley],MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 231

18.Fever of Unknown Origin[Julie Brahmer],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 240

19.Fever Rash[Peter K. Lindenauer],MD MSc [Merle A. Sande],MD 247

Patient History 247

Season Geographic Setting 249

Special Populations 249

20.Infectious Diarrhea[William P. Ciesla, Jr.],MD [Richard L. Guerrant],MD 255

21.Hepatobiliary Infections[Paul B. Eckburg],MD [Jose G. Montoya],MD 269

Infections of the Liver 271

Acute Viral Hepatitis 271

Chronic Viral Hepatitis 273

Granulomatous Hepatitis 275

Hepatic Abscess 276

Liver Infections in Patients with HIV 279

Infections of the Biliary Tract 280

Acute Calculous Cholecystitis 280

Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis 281

Acute Cholangitis 282

Sclerosing Cholangitis 284

Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis 284

AIDS-Related Cholangitis 285

22.Obstetric Gynecologic Infections[Yenijean S. Hwang],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 287

Gynecologic Infections 287

Vulvovaginitis 287

Cervicitis 289

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 292

Infections after Gynecologic Surgery 295

Chorioamnionitis 296

Intrapartum Postpartum Infections 296

Postpartum Endometritis 297

Puerperal Ovarian Vein Thrombophlebitis(POVT) 299

Episiotomy Infections 301

Septic Abortion 302

Infections of Special Concern During Pregnancy 303

Group B Streptococcus(GBS) 303

Teratogenic Infections Other Infections of Concern in Pregnancy 305

Syphilis in Pregnancy 305

Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy 307

Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy 308

Rubella in Pregnancy 309

Varicella Infection During Pregnancy 310

Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Pregnancy 310

Human Papillomavirus in Pregnancy 311

Measles, Mumps, Parvovirus Infection in Pregnancy 311

III.SPECLAL PATIENT POPULATIONS 315

23.Patients With AIDS[Dani-Margot Zavasky],MD,[Julie L. Gerberding],MD,MPH [Merie A. Sande],MD 315

Predictors Of Disease Progression 316

Clinical Syndromes 317

24.Infections In Transplant Recipients[Robin Patel],MD 328

Bacterial Infections 331

Common Bacterial Infections 331

Legionella Species 333

Nocardia Species 333

Salmonella Species 333

Listeria Monocytogenes 333

Viral Infections 336

Cytomegalovirus 336

Varicella Zoster Virus 339

Herpes Simplex Virus 339

Epstein Barr Virus* 340

Other Viruses 341

Fungal Infections 341

Pneumocystic Carinii 341

Candida Species 342

Cryptococcus Neoformans 342

Mycelial Fungi 342

Mycobacterial Infections 343

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis 343

Toxoplasma Gondii 344

Strongyloides Stercoralis 344

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria 344

Trypanosoma Cruzi 344

Parasitic Infections 344

25.Patients with Neutropenia Fever[David Dockrell],MD [Linda L. Lewis],MD 347

26.Patients with Recurrent Infections Leukocyte Abnormalities[Timothy R. La Pine],MD [Harry R. Hill],MD 356

T-Lymphocyte Defects 356

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency 359

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome 360

Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency 360

DiGeorge Syndrome 360

Ataxia-Telangiectasia 361

B-Lymphocyte Defects 361

Bruton s Agammaglobulinemia 362

X-Linked Hypogammaglobulinemia with Normal to Increased IgM Concentrations 362

Selective IgA Deficiency 363

Common Variable Immunodeficiency 363

Defects in the Phagocytic System Its Related Immunodeficiency Syndromes 363

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency 364

Chronic Granulomatous Disease 365

Job s Syndrome 365

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome 366

The Complement System Its Related Defects 367

Deficiency of Cl Complex C4 368

Deficiency of C2 368

Deficiency of C3 368

Deficiency of C5-C9 368

Properdin Deficiency 368

27.Enterovlruses[W.Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 371

IV. VIRAL INFECTIONS 371

Clinical Syndromes 373

Poliovirus Infections 373

Coxsackievirus Echovirus Infections 373

28.Rhinoviruses[W. Lawrance Drew],MD,PhD 377

Rhinovirus Infection 377

29.Infiuenza[Lisa Danzig],MD [Keiji Fukuda],MD,MPH 380

Influenza Infection 381

Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis(Croup) 388

Clinical Syndromes 388

30.Parainfluenza Virus[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 388

Bronchiolitis 389

Pneumonia 390

31.Respiratory Syncytial Virus[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 392

Clinical Syndromes 392

Bronchiolitis 392

Pneumonia 393

32.Adenoviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 396

Acute Gastroenteritis 397

Conjunctivitis 397

Acute Respiratory Disease 397

Clinical Syndromes 397

Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis 398

Systemic Infection in Immunocompromised Patients 398

33.Herpesviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 400

Herpes Simplex Virus 400

Varicella-Zoster Virus 404

Cytomegalovirus 406

Epstein-Barr Virus 408

Human Herpesvirus Type6 410

Other Herpesviruses 411

34.Measles[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD*413++Clinical Syndromes Clinical Syndromes 413

Typical Measles 413

Modified Measles 415

Atypical Measles 416

35.Mumps[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 418

36.Rubella[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 421

Postnatally Acquired Rubella 421

Congenital Rubella Syndrome 422

37.Rotavirus[Gregory Sonnen],MD [Nancy Henry],MD,PhD 426

38.Other Gastrointestinal Vlruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 429

Human Enteric Caliciviruses:Norwalk Related Viruses 429

Astroviruses 430

Adenovirus 430

39.Hepatitis[W. Lawrence Drew],MD, PhD 431

Hepatitis A 431

Hepatitis B 434

Hepatitis D (Delta Hepatitis) 438

Hepatitis C 439

Hepatitis E 440

Hepatitis G 441

40.HIV Other Retroviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 442

Virology of the Retroviruses 442

Oncoviruses(HTLV-I) 447

41.Poxviruses[W. Lawrence Drew], MD, PhD 448

Clinical Syndromes 448

Molluscum Contagiosum 448

Zoonotic Poxviruses 449

42.Parvoviruses[W. Lawrence Drew],MD, PhD 451

Erythema Infectiosum 451

Aplastic Crisis 452

43.Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System[W. Lawrence Drew],MD,PhD 453

Arthropod-Borne Viral Encephalitis 453

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis(LCM) 456

Rabies 456

Nipah Virus 458

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 459

Diseases Caused by Unconventional Agents 460

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease 460

Kuru 461

44.Miscellaneous Systemic Viral Syndromes[W. Lawrence Drew],MD, PhD 463

Dengue ellow Fever 463

Marburg Ebola Virus 466

Hantaviruses 467

Colorado Tick Fever 468

Lassa Other Hemorrhagic Fever 469

45.Papovaviruses[W. Lawrence Drew], MD, PhD 471

Papillomaviruses 471

Clinical Syndromes 471

Skin Warts 471

Benign Head Neck Tumors 471

Anogenital Warts 471

Cervical Dysplasia Neoplasia 471

Papovaviruses 472

Clinical Syndromes 473

V.BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 475

46.Staphylococci[Karen Bloch],MD, MPH 475

Staphylococcus Aureus 475

Clinical Syndromes 477

Pyogenic Cutaneous Infections 477

Nonpyogenic Skin Infections 478

Toxic Shock Syndrome 480

Primary Bacteremia Endocarditis 481

Osteomyelitis 483

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 485

Bacteremia Endocarditis 485

Urinary Tract Infections 486

47.Streptococcus Pneumoniae[Jerrey N. Martin],MD,MPH 489

Clinical Syndromes 492

Pneumonia 492

Meningitis 495

Other Syndromes 499

48.Streptococcus Pyogenes[Dennis L. Stevens],MD,PhD 502

Clinical Syndromes 504

Pharyngitis the Asymptomatic Carrier 504

Scarlet Fever 504

Cellulitis 505

Streptococcal Pyoderma (Impetigo Contagiosa) 505

Erysipelas 505

Lymphangitis 506

Necrotizing Fasciitis 506

Myositis 506

Pneumonia 507

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome 507

49.Enterococci[Robin Patel],MD 511

Clinical Syndromes 513

Urinary Tract Infection 513

Bacteremia Endocarditis 513

Intra-Abdominal Pelvic Infection 513

Wound Soft Tissue Infection 513

Meningitis 513

Neonatal Sepsis 513

Viridans Group Streptococci, Including Abiotrophia Defectiva Abiotrophia Adjacens 518

50.Other Gram-Positive Cocci[Robin Patel],MD 518

Clinical Syndromes 519

Group B streptococcus(S Agalactiae) 520

Clinical Syndromes 521

Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies:Equisilimis Streptococcus Zooepidemicus 523

Clinical Syndromes 524

Streptococcus Bovis 525

Clinical Syndromes 525

Other Gram-Positive Cocci 526

Streptococcus Iniae 526

Leuconostoc Species 526

Helcococcus Kunzii 527

Globicatella Species 527

Lactococcus Species 527

Micrococcus Species 527

Alloiococcus Otitis 527

Gemella Species 527

Aerococcus Species 527

Stomatococcus Mucilaginosus 527

Pediococcus Species 527

51.Gram-Positive Aerobic Bacilli[Jeffrey S. Loutit],MD [David A. Relman],MD 528

Listeria Monocytogenes 528

Anthrax 530

Other Bacillus Species 532

Diphtheria 533

Corynebacterium Jeikeium 536

Other Corynebacterium Species 536

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae 536

52.Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Neisseria Meningitidis[D. Scott Smith],MD [David A. Relman], MD 538

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 538

Neisseria Meningitidis 541

Escherichia coli 548

53.Enteritis Caused by Escherichia coll Shigella Salmonella Species[Gary W. Procop],MD [Franklin Cockerill III],MD 548

Clinical Syndromes 553

Shigella Species 556

Salmonella Species 559

Enteric Fever 561

Salmonella Enteritis 562

54.Pseudomonas Aeruginoss[David Dockrell],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 567

Pulmonary Infections 568

Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis 570

Bacteremia 570

Skin Soft Tissue Infections 571

Urinary Tract Infection 572

Ear, Nose Throat Infections 572

Orthopedic Infections 572

Endocarditis 573

Gastrointestinal Infections 574

Central Nervous System Infection 574

Ophthalmologic Infection 574

Infection in Patients with AIDS 575

Other Pseudomonas Species of Medical Importance 579

P Pseudomallei Melioidosis 579

P Mallei(Glanders) 579

Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia 579

Burkholderia Cepacia 579

55.Helicobacter Pylorl[Jay V. Solnick],MD,PhD [Javeed Siddiqui],MD,MPH 581

56.Haemophilus, Bordetella, Branhamella Species[Joseph W. St. Geme III],MD 587

Haemophilus Influenzae Other Haemophilus Species 587

Clinical Syndromes 587

Bordetella Species 596

Clinical Syndromes 597

Branhamella Catarrhalis 600

Clinical Syndromes 600

Vibrio Cholera Infections 603

57.Vibrio Campylobacter[Gary W.Procop,]MD [Frank R.Cockenill IN,]MD 603

Clinical Syndromes 604

Other Vibrio Infections 605

Clinical Syndromes 607

Noncholera Gastroenteritis 607

Extraintestinal Disease 608

Campylobacter Infections 609

Campylobacter Enteritis 611

Extraintestinal Campylobacteriosis 612

58.Legionella[Michael Bell],MD 614

Clinical Syndromes 615

59.Important Anaerobes[Jorge Villacian],MD [James Steckelberg],MD 620

Clinical Syndromes 621

Head Neck 621

Central Nervous System 623

Respiratory Tract 623

Intra-Abdominal 624

Female Genital Tract 624

Osteomyelitis 625

Bacteremia 625

Toxin-Mediated Infections 625

Skin, Soft Tissue, Bone Infections 625

60.Brucella, Francisella, Pasteurella, Yersinia, and HACEK[Elie F. Berbari],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 630

Brucellosis 630

Tularemia 632

Plague 635

Yersiniosis 637

Pasteurella 639

HACEK Infection 641

61.Tuberculosis[Julie Brahmer],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 644

Clinical Syndromes 645

Pulmonary Tuberculosis 645

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis 646

Tuberculosis in Patients with HIV Infection 646

62.Other Mycobacteria[Julie Brahmer],MD,[Yenjean Hwang],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 653

Clinical Syndromes 653

Mycobacterium Avium Complex(Disseminated Pulmonary Disease) 653

Mycobacterium Leprae(Leprosy) 655

Mycobacterium Kansasii(Chronic Pulmonary Infection) 656

Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum(Lymphadenitis) 657

Mycobacterium Bovis(Tuberculosis in Animals) 657

Mycobacterium Marinum(Classic Fish Tank Granuloma) 657

63.Actinomycetes[Phyllis C. Tien],SM MD, [David A. Relman],MD 662

Nocardia 662

Actinomyces 665

Other Actinomycetes 667

64.Treponema Pallidum[Fred A. Lopez],MD [David A. Relman],MD 669

Primary Syphilis 670

Secondary Syphilis 672

Latent Syphilis 673

Late Syphilis 673

Congenital Syphilis 674

Borrelia Species 680

Relapsing Fever 680

65.Borrelia Leptospira Species[Sandra Chaparro], MD [Jose G. Montoya],MD 680

Lyme Disease 682

Leptospira Species 686

66.Mycoplasma Ureaplasma[Jose G. Montoya],MD 690

M Pneumoniae Infection Disease 690

Infections Caused by U Urealyticum Other Mycoplasmas 693

67.Chlamydia[Jose G. Montoya],MD 694

C Trachomatis Infections 695

C Psittaci Infections 699

C Pneumoniae Infections 700

68.Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia[Jeffery S. Loutit],MD 703

Coxiella Burnetii Infection(Q Fever) 703

Ehrlichia Infection(Ehrlichiosis) 705

Rickettsial Infections 708

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 708

Rickettsialpox 710

Epidemic(Louse-Borne)Typhus 711

Endemic(Murine)Typhus 711

Scrub Typhus 711

Other Spotted Fevers 711

69.Bartonella[Phyllis C. Tlen],MD [Jeffery S. Loutit],MB Chb 713

Clinical Syndromes 713

Bacillary Angiomatosis 715

B Bacilliformis-Associated Disease 716

Fever Bacteremia/Trench Fever/Endocarditis 716

Cat Scratch Disease 716

Clinical Syndromes 721

70.Histoplasma Capsulatum[Zelaiem Temesgen],MD 721

Pulmonary Infections 721

VI.FUNGAL INFECTIONS 721

Disseminated Histoplasmosis 722

Histoplasmosis in AIDS 723

Clinieal Syndromes 726

Pulmonary Infection 726

71.Blastomyces Dermatitidis [Zelalem Temesgen],MD 726

Extrapulmonary Infection 727

Blastomycosis AIDS 728

Btastomycosis in Other Immunoeompromised Hosts 728

72.Coccidiodes [Caroline Milne],MD [Merte A.Sande],*MD 731

73.Candida Species [Christopher R. Fox],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 734

Cundida Dermatitis 735

Oral Candidiasis 735

Clinical Syndromes 735

Esophagcal Candidiasis 738

Candida Vulvovaginitis 738

Candiduria,Cundida Cystitis Urinary Tract Candidiasis 740

Candidemia Disseminated Candidiasis 740

Candida Endocarditis 742

Cl Candidiasis(Nonesophagedl) 742

Other Candida Syndromes 743

74.Cryptococus Neoformans [James.J Chamberlain],MD [Donald L.Granger],MD 745

75.Aspergillus, Pseudallescheria, Agents of Mucormycosis[Michael R. Keating],MD 751

Aspergillus Infection 751

Clinical Syndromes 752

Pseudallescheria Boydii Infection 759

Mucormycosis 760

Clinical Syndromes 761

Cutaneous Sporotrichosis 764

Clinical Syndromes 764

Extracutaneous Sporotrichosis 764

76.Sporothrix Schenckii[Zelalem Temesgen],MD 764

Disseminated Sporotrichosis 765

77.Fusarium, Penicillium, Paracoccidioides, Agents of Chromomycosis[Michael R. Keating],MD 768

Fusarium Infection 768

Penicillium Infection 770

Paracoccidioidomycosis 772

Chromomycosis 774

78.Dermatophytes[D. Scott Smith],MS,MD [David A. Relman],MD 777

79.Pneumocystic Carinii[James J. Chamberlain],MD [Kristen Ries],MD 785

P Carinii Pneumonia 786

Extrapulmonary P Carinii Infections 786

Clinical Syndromes 786

80.Malaria Babesia[Gary W. Procop],MD [David H. Persing],MD,PhD 793

Plasmodium Species 793

VII.PARASITIC INFECTIONS 793

P Falciparum Malaria 797

Nonfalciparum Malaria(P Vivax, P Ovale, P Malariae) 798

Babesia Species 803

81.Toxoplasma Gondii[Jose G. Montoya],MD 807

Entamoeba Histolytica Entamoeba Dispar 817

Clinical Syndromes 817

82.Pathogenic Amebas[Christopher R. Fox],MD [Merle A. Sande],MD 817

Intestinal Disease 818

Amebic Liver Abscess 819

Acanthamoeba Infection 822

Naegleria Fowleri Infection 822

Pathogenic Free-Living Amebas 822

83.Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Isospora Species Microsporidia[Stephanie Boade Silas],MD [DeVon C. Hale],MD 824

Cryptosporidium 824

Clinical Syndromes 825

Cyclospora 828

Isospora 830

Microsporidia 831

Clinical Syndromes in Non-HIV--Infected Patients 832

Clinical Syndromes in HIV-Infected Patients 833

84.Glardia[Stephanie Boade Silas],MD [DeVon C. Hale],MD 836

Clinical Syndromes 838

85.Leishmania Trypanosoma[D. Scott Smith],MD [David A. Relman],MD 842

Leishmania 842

Trypanosoma 847

American Trypanosomiasis(Chagas Disease) 847

African Trypanosomiasis 849

Intestinal Nematode Infections 855

86.Nematodes[James M. Steckelberg],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 855

Ascariasis 855

B.HELMINTHS 855

Enterobiasis 856

Ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis 856

Strongyloidiasis 857

Tissue Nematode Infections 858

Lymphatic Filariasis 858

Trichuriasis 858

Other Filarial Infections 859

Other Tissue Nematode Infections 860

87.Cestodes[Andrew D. Badley],MD, [James M. Steckelberg],MD [Walter R. Wilson],MD 863

Diphyllobothrium Latum Infection 863

Taenia Solium Infection 864

Cysticercosis(Cysticercus Cellulosea Infection) 866

Taenia Saginata Infection 867

Hymenolepis Nana Infection 868

Hymenolepis Diminuata 869

Dipylidium Caninum Infection 869

Echinococcal Infection 870

Clinical Syndromes 872

Blood Fluke Infection(Schistosomiasis) 872

88.Trematodes[Walter R. Wilson], MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 872

Liver Fluke Infections(Clonorchiasis, Opisthorchiasis, Fascioliasis) 875

Intestinal Fluke Infection(Fasciolopsiasis) 876

Lung Fluke Infection(Paragonimiasis) 876

89.Infections in Travelers[DeVon C. Hale],MD [Caroline Milne],MD 877

Pretravel Evaluation 877

VIII.MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIONS 877

Diseases Requiring Special Attention 884

90.Zoonotic Infections[D. Scott Smith],MD and [David A. Relman],MD 891

91.Ectoparasltic Infestations Arthropod Stings Bites[Walter R. Wilson],MD [James M. Steckelberg],MD 899

Ectoparasitic Infestation 899

Arthropod Stings Bites 903

Index 906

Vibrio Infections 6030

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