中国历史常识 中德对照PDF格式文档图书下载

中国古代史　Period before the Opium War of 1840

中国历史的开篇——先秦　The Dawn of Chinese History—The Pre-Qin Period 2

概述　Introduction 2

中国境内最早的人类　The Earliest Human Beings in China 6

开天辟地的创世神话　The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in Ancient China 8

华夏之祖　Ancestors of the Chinese Nation 10

大禹治水　Yu the Great Harnesses the Flood 12

武王伐纣　King Wu Attacks King Zhou 14

周公东征　Duke Zhou's Conquest of the East 18

春秋五霸 The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period 20

战国七雄 The Seven Powers of the Warring States Period 24

大教育家孔子 Confucius,the Great Educator 28

诸子百家 The"Hundred Schools of Thought"and Their Exponents 30

世界第一部兵书——《孙子兵法》 The Art of War—The World First Treatise on Military Science 34

封建大一统时期——秦、汉　The Period of Great Feudal Unity—The Qin and Han Dynasties 36

概述　Introduction 36

中国的第一位皇帝——秦始皇　Qinshihuang,the First Emperor in Chinese History 38

万里长城　The Great Wall 42

大泽乡起义　The Dazexiang Uprising 44

刘邦与项羽　Liu Bang and Xiang Yu 46

汉武大帝　Emperor Wudi the Great of the Han Dynasty 50

张骞出使西域　Zhang Qian's Mission to the Western Regions 52

昭君出塞　Zhaojun Goes Beyond the Great Wall as a Bride 54

司马迁与《史记》　Sima Qian and His Records of the Historian 56

科学家张衡 Zhang Heng,a Pioneering Scientist 58

“医圣”张仲景与“外科鼻祖”华佗　Zhang Zhongjing,the Saint of Medicine and Hua Tuo,the Founder of Surgery 60

封建国家的分裂和民族大融合时期——三国、两晋、南北朝 The Division of China Once More and the Intermingling of Ethnic Groups—The Three Kingdoms,the Two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties概述 Introduction 62

曹操 Cao Cao 66

诸葛亮　Zhuge Liang 70

赤壁之战　The Battle of the Red Cliff 74

西晋八王之乱　Eight Kings'Insurrection in the Western Jin Dynasty 78

淝水之战　The Battle of Feishui 80

孝文帝改革　The Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen 84

花木兰代父从军　Hua Mulan Joined the Army in Place of Her Father 86

“书圣”王羲之与“画绝”顾恺之　Wang Xizhi,the Saint of Calligraphy,and Gu Kaizhi,the Matchless Painter 88

数学家祖冲之　Zu Chongzhi,the Remarkable Mathematician 92

封建社会的繁荣时期——隋、唐 The Heyday of Feudal Society—The Sui and Tang Dynasties 94

概述　Introduction 94

隋朝大运河　The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty 96

贞观之治　The Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period 98

女皇帝武则天　Wu Zetian,China's First Female Monarch 100

开元盛世　The Flourishing Kaiyuan Reign Period 102

繁盛的长安城　The Heyday of Chang'an 104

松赞干布与文成公主　Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng 106

玄奘西游　Xuanzang's Journey to the West 108

鉴真东渡　Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to Japan 112

三大石窟　The Three Famous Grottoes 114

科举制　The Imperial Civil Examination System 118

封建社会的继续发展和民族政权并立时期——五代、辽、宋、夏、金、元 The Continued Development of Feudal Society and the Coexistence of Ethnic Regimes—The Five Dynasties,and the Liao,Song,Xia,Jin and Yuan Dynasties概述　Introduction 120

杯酒释兵权　Relieving the Generals of Their Commands at a Feast 122

赤胆忠心的杨家将　The Loyal Generals of the Yang Family 124

秉公执法的“包青天”　Bao the Upright Judge 126

忠心报国的岳飞　General Yue Fei,a Paragon of Loyalty 130

历史名臣文天祥　Wen Tianxiang,a Renowned Minister 132

成吉思汗与忽必烈　Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan 136

马可·波罗来华　Marco Polo's Travels in China 140

四大发明　The Four Great Inventions 142

《清明上河图》　Riverside scene on the Pure Brightness Festival 146

司马光与《资治通鉴》　Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government 148

统一的多民族国家进一步发展和封建社会由盛而衰时期——明、清（鸦片战争以前） The Period of Further Development of the Unitary Multi-ethnic Country and the Decline of Feudal Society—The Ming and Qing Dynasties(Before the Opium War of 1840)概述 Introduction 150

明朝开国皇帝朱元璋　Zhu Yuanzhang,the First Emperor of the Ming Dynasty 152

郑和下西洋　Zheng He's Voyages to the Western Seas 156

戚继光抗倭　Qi Jiguang Repels Japanese Pirates 158

清官海瑞　Hai Rui,an Upright and incorruptible Official 160

闯王李自成　Daring King Li Zicheng 162

郑成功收复台湾 Zheng Chenggong Recovers Taiwan 164

康乾盛世 The Golden Age of Three Emperors 166

科学巨匠与巨著　Great Scientists and Their Contributions 170

中国近代史 Modern Period 176

概述　Introduction 176

林则徐与虎门销烟　Lin Zexu and the Destruction of Opium at Humen 178

第一次鸦片战争　The First Opium War 182

太平天国农民运动　The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement 184

第二次鸦片战争 The Second Opium War 188

洋务运动 The Westernization Movement 190

中日甲午战争与《马关条约》　Sino-Japanese War of 1894 and the Treaty of Shimonoseki 192

戊戌变法 The Reform Movement of 1898 194

义和团运动 The Yihetuan Movement 198

孙中山与辛亥革命 Dr.Sun Yat-sen and the Revolution of 1911 202

“五四”运动 The May 4th Movement 206

中国共产党的成立 The Founding of the Communist Party of China 210

第一次国共合作 The First Round of KMT-CPC Cooperation 214

北伐战争 The Northern Expedition 216

南昌起义 The Nanchang Uprising 218

一万五千里长征 The Long March of 25 000 li 220

“九一八”事变 The September 18th Incident 224

华北事变与“一二·九”运动 The Huabei Incident and the December 9th Movement 226

西安事变 The Xi'an Incident 228

“七七”事变 The July 7th Incident 230

平型关大捷 The Victory at Pingxing Pass 232

南京大屠杀 The Nanking Massacre 234

台儿庄战役 The Taierzhuang Campaign 236

华侨与抗日战争 Overseas Chinese and the Anti-Japanese War 238

重庆谈判 The Chongqing Negotiations 242

解放战争 The War of Liberation 244

现代中国 Contemporary Period 248

概述 Introduction 248

毛泽东与新中国的建立 Mao Zedong and the Founding of New China 250

抗美援朝保家卫国 The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea 252

周恩来与新中国外交 Zhou Enlai and New China's Diplomacy 254

邓小平与改革开放 Deng Xiaoping and the Reform and Opening-up Policies 256

香港回归 Hong Kong's Return to China 258

澳门回归 Macao's Return to China 260

载人航天飞行的巨大成就 Great Achievement in Manned Spaceflight 262

中国体育走向世界 China as a World Power in Sports 264

附录　Appendix 268

中国历史年代简表　A Brief Chronology of Chinese History 268

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